In the present study, the main purpose is the Qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by Qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social Factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological Factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural Factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family Factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal Factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media Factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual Factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

زیست - کافت بودن (تجزیه پذیر بودن زیستی)، خوراکی بودن و کارآمد بودن فیلم های خوراکی سبب شده است که این فیلم ها به عنوان جایگزین های فیلم های سنتزی به طور وسیع مورد مطالعه، پژوهش و کاربرد قرار گیرند. از جمله کاربردهای فیلم های خوراکی در ارتباط با مواد غذایی می توان به پوشش دادن فرآورده های قنادی، میوه ها و سبزی های تازه، برخی فرآورده های گوشتی، برخی فرآورده های لبنی، شکلات، تنقلات، غلات صبحانه ای، طیور و ماهی، فرآورده های منجمد، فرآورده های خشک شده و خشک شده انجمادی و نظایر اینها اشاره داشت. کارآیی فیلم های خوراکی به شاخص های کیفی آن ها مربوط می شود. این شاخص ها نیز به نوبه خود از جنس فیلم و روش تولید آن اثر می پذیرند. در این مقاله، شاخص های کیفی فیلم های خوراکی، روش های سنجش این خواص و روش های پایه ای تولید آن ها مورد مرور قرار می گیرد.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, strategies, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a Qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (strategies), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

از آن جا که استفاده از آب رودخانه گاماسیاب به عنوان بزرگ ترین و پرآب ترین رودخانه استان همدان جهت امور مختلف به ویژه ایجاد و توسعه کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی قزل آلا به سرعت رو به گسترش می باشد، لذا لزوم سنجش پیراسنجه های کیفی آب این رودخانه ضروری به نظر می رسد، بر این اساس در این تحقیق جهت سنجش کیفی و ارزیابی عوامل موثر بر کیفیت آب رودخانه گاماسیاب به ویژه کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی با انتخاب پنج ایستگاه نمونه برداری در طول رودخانه اقدام به سنجش پیراسنجه های کیفی آب و مقایسه آن ها با مقادیر استاندارد نمودیم.نمونه برداری طی سه ماه مرداد، شهریور و اسفند 1386 از پنج ایستگاه یاد شده در دو نوبت صبح (از ساعت 9 تا 12) و عصر (از ساعت 14 تا 17) به منظور داشتن پراکنش زمانی مناسب از لحاظ اثرات تغذیه ای ماهیان بر روی ویژگی های کیفی آب انجام شد. نمونه های آب در ظروف پلی اتیلنی درب دار جمع آوری و پیراسنجه های غلظت اکسیژن محلول، pH و هدایت الکتریکی در محل اندازه گیری شد. سپس نمونه ها داخل یخدان قرار گرفته و در کوتاه ترین زمان ممکن جهت اندازه گیری غلظت پیراسنجه های اکسیژن مورد نیاز زیست-شیمیایی، آمونیوم، نیتریت، نیترات و اورتوفسفات به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید.نتایج تحقیق بیانگر آن بود که به جز در مورد میانگین مقادیر هدایت الکتریکی که هیچ کدام از ایستگاه ها تفاوت معنی دار با یکدیگر نداشته اند، در مورد سایر پیراسنجه های مورد ارزیابی چنین امری مشاهده نمی شود. به طوری که در مورد میانگین غلظت اکسیژن محلول، pH و اکسیژن مورد نیاز زیست- شیمیایی تنها کانال ورودی آب کارگاه قزل دانش با ایستگاه شاهد تفاوت معنی دار نداشته است. همچنین میانگین غلظت یون های آمونیوم و نیتریت ایستگاه شاهد با سایر ایستگاه های نمونه برداری به دلیل ورود بار قابل توجهی از مواد مغذی به رودخانه بر اثر فعالیت های آب زی پروری و همچنین فاضلاب روستاهای اطراف تفاوت معنی دار داشته است.در مقایسه کارگاه های مورد مطالعه از جهت میانگین غلظت مواد مغذی همچون آمونیوم و نیترات با توجه به گروه بندی آماری مشخص شد بین کارگاه ها تفاوت معنی دار آماری وجود دارد. به طوری که کارگاه قزل دانش با تولید 100 تن ماهی پرواری در مقایسه با کارگاه قزل زاگرس با تولید 190 تن ماهی پرواری بار بیشتری از آلودگی را به رودخانه وارد نموده است.با مقایسه میانگین غلظت پیراسنجه های مورد ارزیابی آب رودخانه گاماسیاب با جدول کلاسه کیفی آب ها از نظر پیراسنجه های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی می توان چنین بیان داشت که کیفیت آب این رودخانه در طبقه آب های ندرتا آلوده تا آب هایی با آلودگی متوسط قرار می گیرد. بنابراین، این رودخانه در حال حاضر توان خودپالایی آلاینده ها را دارد ولی با توجه به سیاست های کشور و به ویژه استان همدان در توسعه صنعت آبزی پروری و همچنین عدم نظارت بر منابع آلاینده وارد شده، این رودخانه در آینده ای نه چندان دور با معضلات جدی به ویژه بروز پدیده خوراکوری مواجه خواهد شد.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical Parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the Parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical Parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

This study aimed to estimate the genetic Parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

In this experiment, the effect of garlic (GP) and tomato (TP) powders on performance, blood Parameters, sex differentiation and hatchability of Ross-308 broiler breeders were examined and compared with In-Ovo injection of garlic or tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. In first experiment, 375 hens and 25 roosters (47 wk.) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and 5 replicates, for 4 weeks. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (control), 2 and 3) basal diet+ 2 and 4 percent of GP, and 4 and 5) basal diet + 2 and 4 percent of TP, respectively. In second experiment, 200 hens and 20 roosters were randomly allocated to 2 treatments including 1) basal diet and 2) basal diet + 4% of TP (selected treatment of the Exp. 1) in 5 replications from 52-56 wk. During incubation period, experimental treatments included: 1) control group, 2) eggs from hens fed 4% TP, 3) In-Ovo injection of physiological serum and 4 and 5) In-Ovo injection of 0.1 and 0.3 ml of garlic and tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. The results of first experiment, adding garlic and tomato powders was not significant on egg Qualitative traits and blood Parameters (P>0.05). All In-Ovo injection treatments increased fertility percentage (P<0.05). The second experiment results showed that treatments had no significant effect on the percent of males and females (P>0.05). In general, addition of 4 percent tomato powder to broiler breeders in comparison to In-Ovo injection of hydroalcoholic extracts of garlic and tomato, did not increase male 1-d-old chicks’ percentage of hatched chicks.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and Qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.